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Hong Luck</title>
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			<h1 id=h1>Chigong, Qigong, Hei Gong Toronto</h1>
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			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">Qigong (氣功 - pinyin: qì gōng,
			Wade-Giles: ch'i kung) is an increasingly popular aspect of Chinese
			medicine. Qigong is mostly taught for health maintenance purposes,
			but there are also some who teach it, especially in China, for
			therapeutic interventions. Various forms of traditional qigong are
			also widely taught in conjunction with Chinese martial arts.</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">There are many hundreds, if not
			thousands, of different styles and schools of qigong. In general,
			qigong schools teach their own variations of physical training
			routines based on coordinating different patterns of breathing with
			different physical motions of the body. Qigong relies on the
			traditional Chinese belief that the body has an energy field, known
			as Qi. Qi means breath or to breathe in Mandarin Chinese, and by
			extension the energy produced by breathing that keeps us alive; gong
			means work or technique. Qigong is then &quot;breath work&quot; or
			the art of managing the breath to achieve and maintain good health,
			and especially in the martial arts, to enhance the leverage and
			stamina of the body in coordination with the physical process of
			respiration.</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">Attitudes toward the basis of qigong
			vary markedly. One view which is one taken by most Western medical
			practitioners, many practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine, as
			well as the Chinese government views qigong simply as a set of
			breathing and movement exercises, with many possible benefits to
			health through stress reduction and exercise. Others see qigong in
			more metaphysical terms, claiming that breathing and movement
			exercises can influence the fundamental forces of the universe. An
			extreme form of the latter view was advocated by some participants in
			the Boxer Rebellion of the late 19th century who believed that
			breathing and movement exercises would allow them to ward off
			bullets.</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite"><strong>Qigong History</strong></p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">Qigong under various names has a long
			history in China. The written records referring to qi and its effects
			are as old as 3,300 years (Shang dynasty oracle bones, Zhou dynasty
			inscriptions). Numerous books have been written about qigong during
			the subsequent history of China. The development of Chinese qigong
			can be divided into three periods:<br />
			▪ In ancient China, people came to believe that through certain body
			movements and mental concentration combined with various breathing
			techniques, they could balance and enhance physical, metabolic and
			mental functions. These movements were worked out over time by
			exploring the natural range of motion through the joints, as well as
			drawing on motions in imitation of various animals. This research was
			passed down and refined according to teacher-disciple relationships
			of lineage or apprenticeship. This accumulated body of traditional
			knowledge is known as Chinese traditional qigong.<br />
			▪ In later centuries, these practices became more standardized, very
			often associated with religious practitioners. For example, incense
			burning was originally used to measure time and also to repel insects
			during qigong practice, and eventually became an important part of
			the meditative process itself. Over time, new forms of qigong were
			created and passed down through various schools; Taoist, Buddhist,
			Confucian, Neo-Confucian, Chinese medicine, and the traditional
			Chinese martial arts.<br />
			▪ In the 1970s, researchers began studying qigong using the
			scientific method, with peer-reviewed and controlled studies of
			various techniques to provide a scientific evaluation of claims for
			the efficacy of qigong.<br />
			</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite"><strong>Qigong Uses</strong></p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">Today millions of people in China and
			around the world regularly practice qigong as a health maintenance
			exercise. Qigong and related disciplines are still associated with
			the martial arts and meditation routines trained by Taoist and
			Buddhist monks, professional martial artists and their students.
			Formerly much more closely guarded, in the modern era such practices
			have become widely available to the general public both in China and
			around the world.</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">Medical qigong treatment has been
			officially recognized as a standard medical technique in Chinese
			hospitals since 1989. It has been included in the curriculum of major
			universities in China. After years of debate, the Chinese government
			decided to officially manage qigong through government regulation in
			1996 and has also listed qigong as part of their National Health
			Plan.</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">Yan Xin (嚴新), founder of the
			relatively popular Yan Xin Qigong school, suggests that in order for
			qigong to be accepted by the modern world it must pass the test of
			scientific study. Without such studies, Yan maintains that qigong
			will be dismissed as &quot;superstition&quot; (see &quot;Criticism of
			Qigong&quot; chapter below). In the mid-1980s he and others began
			systematic study of qigong in some research institutions in China.</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite"><strong>Beliefs</strong></p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">Qigong and its intimate relation to
			the Chinese martial arts are often connected with spirituality. They
			have thereby been considered the province of religious practitioners
			in the popular imagination for many centuries. This link is much
			stronger than with other techniques in traditional Chinese medicine.
			Qigong was historically practiced extensively in Taoist and Buddhist
			monasteries as an adjunct of martial arts training, and the claimed
			benefits of martial qigong practice are widely known in East Asian
			martial traditions and popular culture. As well, the traditional
			teaching methods of most qigong schools (at least in Asia) descend
			from the strict teacher-disciple relationship conventions inherited
			in Chinese culture from Confucianism.</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">In some styles of qigong, it is taught
			that humanity and nature are inseparable, and any belief otherwise is
			held to be an artificial discrimination based on a limited,
			two-dimensional view of human life. According to this philosophy,
			access to higher energy states and the subsequent health benefits
			said to be provided by these higher states is possible through the
			principle of cultivating virtue (de or te 德, see Tao Te Ching).
			Cultivating virtue could be described as a process in which one
			recognizes that one was never separated from nature (a Taoist
			metaphor for this is the &quot;uncarved block&quot; - which refers to
			a primal, undifferentiated state of being free of artificial
			discrimination), a process made possible with the energy made
			available to the qigong student after they sincerely choose and
			implement what they are taught as positive lifestyle choices, which
			will include practicing specific qigong techniques for ameliorating
			the effects of previous choices seen as less virtuous.</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">It is claimed by some that the level
			of an individual's qigong accomplishment is fundamentally dependent
			upon the level of their virtue. Therefore in qigong, the
			practitioner's focus on virtue is an extremely important technical
			requirement, especially in the advanced levels. Without such
			continuous cultivation of virtue, one will not be able to achieve a
			highly relaxed and tranquil mind/body state.<br />
			</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite"><strong>Criticism of Qigong</strong></p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">Much of the criticism of qigong
			involves its method of operation. Both traditional Chinese and
			Western medicine practitioners have little argument with the notion
			that qigong can improve and in many cases maintain health by
			encouraging movement, increasing range of motion, relaxation, blood
			oxygen saturation and improving joint flexibility and resilience.
			However, the benefits of qigong become much more controversial when
			it is asserted that qigong derives its benefits from qi acting as an
			external non-physical force. Most biologists and physicists are
			skeptical of these claims and see no reason to believe that qi exists
			in this manner.</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">Some proponents of qigong make the
			controversial claim that they can directly detect and manipulate this
			energy, but there are those who insist that they can only demonstrate
			this to fellow believers. Others, including many traditional Chinese
			practitioners, believe that qi can be viewed as a metaphor for
			biological processes, and the effectiveness of qigong can also be
			explained in terms more familiar to Western medicine such as stress
			management.</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite"><strong>Controversies within
			Qigong</strong></p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">In the 1980s and 1990s, the increasing
			popularity of qigong and related practices led to the establishment
			of many groups and methods in China and elsewhere which have been
			viewed in a critical light by more traditional qigong practitioners
			as well as skeptical outside observers. In this view, a large number
			of people started studying qigong under inadequate supervision,
			indeed, perhaps the majority of people today who study qigong study
			from books or video tapes and DVDs without supervision by a teacher.
			This can lead to several problems, according to those who view
			themselves as representative of orthodox schools. Most traditional
			training takes many years of practice under the supervision of
			someone who has also learned over years, someone who can guide and
			prevent the student from taking an unbalanced approach to qigong
			practice. The theory is that unbalanced circulation of inner energies
			eventually leads to unbalanced effects on the various systems of the
			body, both mental and physical. Stories of unguided practitioners
			developing chronic mental and physical health problems as a result of
			such training are not uncommon. A common term used by English
			speaking practitioners for one example of this syndrome is
			&quot;Qigong Psychosis&quot; (Now included in the DSM-IV (Diagnostic
			and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) as a culture-bound
			syndrome: Qi-Gong Psychotic Reaction: DSM-IV General Information:
			Appendix I, Outline for Cultural Formulation and Glossary of
			Culture-Bound Syndromes). Another function of improper training
			involves frauds and deliberate charlatans who promote themselves as
			qigong &quot;healers&quot; promising miracle cures of any conceivable
			affliction for the right amount of money. Traditionally, qigong is
			considered more of a health maintenance regimen, and any promises of
			miracle cures should be viewed with suspicion, according to more
			conservative practitioners.</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">This recent popularity has also led to
			increased attention for quasi-religious groups teaching styles of
			qigong in an atmosphere of New Age-like spirituality. Qigong has been
			associated in China with Taoist and Buddhist meditation practices for
			two thousand years, and this association has recently been exploited,
			according to traditionalists, by many would be cult leaders. Perhaps
			the prime example of a group promoting a synthesis of overt
			religiosity with qigong practice is the Falun Gong group, whose
			worldwide popularity grew to the point that the People's Republic of
			China government banned their practice outright in 1999.</p>
			<p class="verdana9ptwhite">Source &copy; <a
				href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qi_Gong" target="_blank"
				class="verdana9ptwhite">wikipedia.org</a></p>
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